Multimodal discourse referred to the study of several means of communication, including verbal expression, writing communication, and non-verbal expressions such as body movements and gestures (Chan, 2013: 70). Furthermore, O'Halloran (2011: 120) explains that MDA extended the study of language per se to the analysis of language in connection with additional resources such as imagery, scientific symbolism, gesture, movement, music, and sound.

               Machin (2010) describes the semiotic analysis of music as a process of identifying the various resources and patterns of meaning-making that are present within the sounds, images, and themes of popular music. This is similar to how a linguist might examine the linguistic resources and structures used to convey meaning in spoken or written communication.

               According to Van Leeuwen (2004), the significance of analyzing the visual elements of an image (e.g., color, typography, and composition) is those elements mainly concerned with each other by creating and transferring the meaning. Moreover, the word “meaning potential” was defined as the power of individual elements which referred to the capacity of the elements to communicate meaning only when they were combined with other elements in order to comprehend the whole (but relative) meaning of each element (Machin, 2007; Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006).

               To conduct multimodal analysis, there are three approaches which are social semiotic multimodality, multimodal discourse analysis, and multimodal interactional analysis (Jewitt, 2009). The social semiotic multimodality was the approach that focuses on meaning-making through choices. This approach has a high emphasis on the sign-maker while the multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) approach has a low emphasis. MDA is the approach that has been deployed for the analysis of films and other moving image texts. The last approach is the multimodal interactional analysis which focuses on how multimodal texts were interfaced with and mediated by people. The context is an important element of this approach because it involved the ethnographic study.

               Utilizing Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) from Kress (2001) and van Leeuwen (2006), this study aimed to explore two Thai music videos, which were moving pictures. MDA was the approach to the analysis of a mode’s elements in the visual mode (e.g., color, illumination, composition, etc.). According to the methodology, every element has the potential to express meaning and, when given its full consideration, has relationships with other elements.